The forest is of great importance for the conservation of biodiversity in Switzerland. Intensive forest use has led to the loss of diverse structures and in many places to a shortage of old-growth and deadwood, the basis of life for a large number of endangered species in the forest. The FOEN's enforcement aid Biodiversity in Forests: Objectives and Measures (2015) aims to promote and maintain biodiversity in Swiss forests. 134 lichen species are listed as forest target species (national priority species requiring action).